Client Communication Septic arthritis is the most common cause of lameness in foals, and will often cause permanent crippling, and perhaps require euthanasia. It is important that the owner understand that the prognosis is guarded despite aggressive treatment, especially if the problem is not caught early. The quality of nursing care for the critically ill foal is often a major determinant in the outcome of the case. If the foal can suckle, it can be managed on the farm; however, if the animal is not suckling, it will require very close monitoring, including respiratory therapy, parenteral fluids/nutrition, and numerous medications. Obviously, this labor- intensive care could be costly. Due to the great potential for serious, permanent joint damage, it is imperative that treatment be initiated immediately and aggressively. This foal was placed on amikacin that should be continued for 2 weeks beyond the resolution of clinical signs. If treatment is successful, foals should be stall rested for at least 2-4 weeks to allow for complete healing of the joint cartilage.