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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: m1a. Complexity Questions, 7. Who was the founder of complexity science? ???? In 1811 Fourier (considered the founder of complexity science) showed that heat flow was proportionate to the gradient of the temperature, and that this process was irreversible, a concept foreign to the Newtonian world., 6. What process signaled the end of the Newtonian concept of reversible processes? ???? The fact that the process of heat propagation in a closed system progressively equalizes the distribution of heat in a system until equilibrium is reached, and that this process is irreversible., 7. Who was the founder of complexity science? ???? In 1811 Fourier (considered the founder of complexity science) showed that heat flow was proportionate to the gradient of the temperature, and that this process was irreversible, a concept foreign to the Newtonian world., 5. What are the concentrations of Na+ and K+ inside and outside a neuron? ???? Potassium K+ is found in higher concentrations inside a neuron in its resting phase. Sodium Na+ is found outide the resting neuron., 2. What are the features of complex systems? ???? 2. Complex systems are a) dissipative in that they exchange energy, mass, and/or information with their surroundings; they are b) deterministic in that they follow from simple rules; c) they demonstrate self-organization; d) they are composed of large numbers of interactingcomponents which exchange information (communicate)with each other; e) they have the ability for transformations between different states; f) they evolve and therefore have a history which is non-invertible: g) instabilities around critical points means that small perturbations can result in large changes in the trajectoryof the system; h) they are the result of multiple iterationsof the underlying rules; i) they are able to perceive and respondto the external environment; j) there are a variety of different types of dissipative structureswhich can evolve from the instabilities at the critical transition phase., 4. What are the critical points through which an evolving sysem passes? ???? As the external control parameter values passes from k=zeroto just less than k=3 there is a periodicity of one. The first bifurcation event is at k=3 where the System Bifurcates, or Splits into two Trajectories. At k=3.4491 the second bifurcation occurs, yeilding a four point attractor. At 3.5441 a period of eight appears. At 3.5644, sixteen x* values appear. Further increases in K yield still further increase in the number of cycles, until there are so many that they result in Chaos., 3. What is the unstable condition just prior to going chaotic? ???? As a non-linear system is driven far-from-equilibrium by external control factors (parameters), it evolves from a steady state at rest, (undifferentriated or disordered) through ordered states, to chaos. At the critical point just before going chaotic, the system demonstrates instabilitieswhich allow it to develop emergent,new and unanticipated complex structures which are different from, and greater than, the sum of their parts., 1. What are complex systems? ???? 1. Complex systems are systems which exhibit emergent behavior in which the newly developed systems are different than, and greater than, the sum of their parts.