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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: b6. Entropy, b6. Entropy ???? b8. History of Entropy, Low entropy means that only a small proportion of the system’s energy is lost, and most of it is available for work. ???? Claude Shannon – 1870’s Looked upon entropy as a numerical measure of information, and created the new discipline of Information Theory, by considering probabilities., Sadi Carnot – 1820’s Heat Engine It is impossible to direct all of a system’s energy into work, because some of that energy is unavailable (escapes, lost as friction) ???? Information is just one of a number of interpretations of entropy., Sadi Carnot – 1820’s Heat Engine It is impossible to direct all of a system’s energy into work, because some of that energy is unavailable (escapes, lost as friction) ???? Low entropy means that only a small proportion of the system’s energy is lost, and most of it is available for work., Claude Shannon – 1870’s Looked upon entropy as a numerical measure of information, and created the new discipline of Information Theory, by considering probabilities. ???? Since this equation is similar to Boltzman’s, Shannon called it entropy, causing much confusion for all of us., b8. History of Entropy ???? Sadi Carnot – 1820’s Heat Engine It is impossible to direct all of a system’s energy into work, because some of that energy is unavailable (escapes, lost as friction), b6. Entropy ???? b9. K-S Entropy, Ludwig Boltzman – 1870’s devised a statistical or probability measure of entropy, which he called H. ???? Chaos theory treats Shannon’s entropy, dealing with generation of averages or various statistical options; and Boltzman’s entropy, H, dealing with the probabilities of accessible molecular states, as the same thing., Sadi Carnot – 1820’s Heat Engine It is impossible to direct all of a system’s energy into work, because some of that energy is unavailable (escapes, lost as friction) ???? Ludwig Boltzman – 1870’s devised a statistical or probability measure of entropy, which he called H., Relations between information and probability also apply to entropy and probability. ???? Whether the context is one of information or entropy, probabilities are the foundation or essence of it all; they are required basic data., Entropy in the original thermodynamic (heat, movement) sense is a measure or calculation of the inaccessible (heat) energy. ???? Rudolf Clausius – 1865 Introduced entropy in his work on heat-producing engines It is impossible to direct all of a system’s energy into useful work, because some of that energy is not available for work (escapes, or lost to friction), Sadi Carnot – 1820’s Heat Engine It is impossible to direct all of a system’s energy into work, because some of that energy is unavailable (escapes, lost as friction) ???? High entropy means that much of the system’s energy is lost, and cannot be used for work, while only a small amount of the energy is available for work, Sadi Carnot – 1820’s Heat Engine It is impossible to direct all of a system’s energy into work, because some of that energy is unavailable (escapes, lost as friction) ???? Rudolf Clausius – 1865 Introduced entropy in his work on heat-producing engines It is impossible to direct all of a system’s energy into useful work, because some of that energy is not available for work (escapes, or lost to friction), Entropy, or information, varies depending on the distribution of probabilities. Entropy does not depend on actual values of the variable; it is just a statistic that characterizes an ensemble of probabilities. ???? Relations between information and probability also apply to entropy and probability., Entropy in the original thermodynamic (heat, movement) sense is a measure or calculation of the inaccessible (heat) energy. ???? High entropy means that much of the system’s energy is lost, and cannot be used for work, while only a small amount of the energy is available for work, Claude Shannon – 1870’s Looked upon entropy as a numerical measure of information, and created the new discipline of Information Theory, by considering probabilities. ???? Chaos theory treats Shannon’s entropy, dealing with generation of averages or various statistical options; and Boltzman’s entropy, H, dealing with the probabilities of accessible molecular states, as the same thing., Entropy, or information, varies depending on the distribution of probabilities. Entropy does not depend on actual values of the variable; it is just a statistic that characterizes an ensemble of probabilities. ???? Whether the context is one of information or entropy, probabilities are the foundation or essence of it all; they are required basic data., b6. Entropy ???? Entropy in the original thermodynamic (heat, movement) sense is a measure or calculation of the inaccessible (heat) energy., Information is just one of a number of interpretations of entropy. ???? Entropy, or information, varies depending on the distribution of probabilities. Entropy does not depend on actual values of the variable; it is just a statistic that characterizes an ensemble of probabilities.