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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Antibodies, Antibodies 5 Different Types, in order of abundance ????, Antibodies 5 Different Types, in order of abundance ????, This unique binding pattern develops during B cell maturation through a series of rearrangements of the light and heavy chain variable regions ???? 4. Between the alleles there are sequences called RSSs or recombination signal sequences. These contain a palindromic sequence which allows the gene to loop over (one or two turns) and attach to itself., This unique binding pattern develops during B cell maturation through a series of rearrangements of the light and heavy chain variable regions ???? 7. One of several C genes is added to the light chain and the heavy chain gets the mu constant gene at first. Later the isotype will switch and the same circular looping will occur changing the constant chain to gamma, alpha, epsilon., This unique binding pattern develops during B cell maturation through a series of rearrangements of the light and heavy chain variable regions ???? 3. There are 30-40 different choices (alleles) for the V sequence of amino acids and only 5 for the J segment. This means that there are about 200 or so different combinations that can occur., Antibodies each B cell displays a unique antigen binding area on the variable portion of their protein chains This unique binding pattern develops during B cell maturation through a series of rearrangements of the light and heavy chain variable regions, Antibodies 5 Different Types, in order of abundance IgG: most abundant with ability to cross placenta and activate complement, second produced but longest lasting, IgD: together with IgM is membrane bound immunoglobulin expressed by mature B cells ???? IgE: binding causes basophils and mast cells to release their granules into the extracellular environment, mediates the hypersensitivity reactions, This unique binding pattern develops during B cell maturation through a series of rearrangements of the light and heavy chain variable regions ???? 1. The rearrangement occurs for both independently then the chains are joined after translation in the endoplasmic reticulum., IgM: can be found on monomer bound to B cells, secreted by plasma as pentameter, first class produced and can bind better, found in low concentrations in intercellular tissue ???? IgD: together with IgM is membrane bound immunoglobulin expressed by mature B cells, ???? ???? 6. Heavy chains have an additional gene, D or diversity. This combines with V then J to come up with more than 6500 distinct heavy chain variable regions., IgG: most abundant with ability to cross placenta and activate complement, second produced but longest lasting ???? IgA: predominant immunoglobulin in external secretions, binding to viral surface antigens prevents attatchment to mucosal cells, IgA: predominant immunoglobulin in external secretions, binding to viral surface antigens prevents attatchment to mucosal cells ???? IgM: can be found on monomer bound to B cells, secreted by plasma as pentameter, first class produced and can bind better, found in low concentrations in intercellular tissue, Antibodies 5 Different Types, in order of abundance ????, Antibodies can be cell bound to the B cell membrane or soluble and have five major isotypes which is determined by their heavy chain, This unique binding pattern develops during B cell maturation through a series of rearrangements of the light and heavy chain variable regions ???? 5. Recombinase enzymes snip off the portion in the loop and reseal the cut getting rid of all the genes in between. These enzymes are activated by two genes called RAG-1 and RAG-2 (recombination-activating genes), Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes once they are activated by the T helper cell