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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: 10.2 MELAS, respiratory complexes reduces serum lactate levels, causes increased pCO2 leading to increased H+ concentration, assayed shows bands at 109-bp, maternal inheritance since mitochondria from sperm cells can't enter fertilized egg, physical exam findings include elevated levels of serum pyruvate, stroke-like symptoms suggesting mitochondrial disorder, developmental delays including low birthweight, increased NADH/NAD+ concentration ratio in matrix which inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, increased lactic acid contributes to increased H+ concentration, developmental delays including short stature, decreased proton gradient leads to decreased ATP production, Lactate Dehydrogenase leading to more pyruvate reduced to lactate, mitochodrial inheritance whose characteristics include maternal inheritance, MELAS possible treatments include metabolic therapies, replicative segregation leading to increases in number of mutant mitochondria in tissues/cells, increases in number of mutant mitochondria in tissues/cells following cell division, serum lactate levels to combat proximal muscle weakness, lack of DNA repair systems which contribute to heteroplasmy, cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) when deficient disrupts flow of electrons through ETC, high error rate in mtDNA which contribute to heteroplasmy