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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: sonomaG, Atrial distension upsets Cardiac conduction system, Georgia Sonoma 45 y.o. Female takes furosemide, L type calcium channel blocks nodal cells, Georgia Sonoma 45 y.o. Female has Echocardiogram, Echocardiogram tells us the Ejection fraction to 26%, pressure increases, radius increases, wall thickness decreases increases tension, Georgia Sonoma 45 y.o. Female presents with Coarse crackles, Atrial fibrillation leads to irregular ventricular contraction, irregular ventricular contraction leads to irregular Heart rate, Echocardiogram diagnostic of Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, intravascular hydrostatic pressure leads to total blood volume increase, preload (beyond optimal) increases Pulmonary Venous pressure, Ejection fraction to 26% decreases Oxygen content, end diastolic and end systolic volume and pressures through LaPlace's law Tension = Pressure x R/Wall Thickness, family history of alcoholism, alcoholism helps diagnose Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, Cardiac Output decreases Oxygen content, EDP which is a reduced preload (beyond optimal), cardiotoxic causes protein synthesis dysfunction, nodal cells decreases heart rate