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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Topic 2. Red Knot Article (Equation), E(v) = E(ia + ie + pred) comparison suggesting higher intraspecific (ia) vigilance for subordinate juveniles due to physical aggression displacement by adults (Table 1), juveniles fed on mud crabs (a high-quality food), and adults do not. Juveniles feed on more varied diet "far from shore" vs. "near shore" (Fig 6c) providing more fat to foragers feeding "far from shore" (for both adult & juveniles) (Fig. 3e), E(v) = E(ia + ie + pred) comparison and for which more juveniles forage nearshore (compared to adults) where the predators are found (Fig. 3b, c), complex differences in food quality in that Dominant Adults: get higher quality of food if feeding "near shore" (0-50, 50-250m) (compared to juveniles) (Fig. 5c), more juveniles forage nearshore (compared to adults) where the predators are found (Fig. 3b, c) and also more juveniles return to dangerous near shore sites after raptor (predator) disturbance (Fig. 4), Topic #2. Foraging Economics: Red Knot Article details Red Knots foraging behavior (van den Hout et al, 2014), complex differences in food quality in that Juveniles: get higher quality of food if feeding "far from shore" (250-2000m) [Figure 5c], E(v) = E(ia + ie + pred) comparison and for which more adults forage "far from shore" (compared to juveniles) where there are no predators (Fig. 3b, c), E(n) = Net Energy with E(n) comparison (dom. adults vs. sub. juveniles), adults are more skilled foragers concluding near shore provides abundant low quality food and far shore provides less abundant higher quality food (due to mud crabs), E(s+h+v) with subcomponents of E(v) = E(ia + ie + pred) comparison, E(s+h+v) with subcomponents of E(s) (comparison between dom. adults vs. sub. juveniles), E(s) (comparison between dom. adults vs. sub. juveniles) for which Juveniles need more foraging time to compensate for the poor food quality at near the shore sites (where they primarily forage) Fig.7, with E(f) = energy from prey/indegstible shell mass minus E(s+h+v), E(f) (comparison between dom. adults vs. sub. juveniles) shows complex differences in food quality, Juveniles need more foraging time to compensate for the poor food quality at near the shore sites (where they primarily forage) Fig.7 requiring 13 hours to meet metabolic needs, E(n) = Net Energy equals with E(f) = energy from prey/indegstible shell mass, Red Knots foraging behavior (van den Hout et al, 2014) follows basic foraging equation: E(n) = E (f) - E ( s+ h + v) (more detail below), E(n) comparison (dom. adults vs. sub. juveniles) shows that juveniles return at a higher rate (than adults) after a raptor (predator) disturbance, E(s+h+v) with subcomponents of E(h) = E(c+k+e+d) for which authors don't discuss (bcs negligable & similar for dominant adults vs. subordinate juveniles)