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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Clin Pharm 4, PAIN MANAGEMENT deals with PAIN, PAIN and its basic PAIN PATHWAY, PAIN GRADING SCALES these include Preemptive scoring system (PSS), SPECIES SPECIFIC such as Expression of abnormal behavioural signs, SPECIES SPECIFIC for some species Caprine, PAIN PATHWAY has 4 processes Perception, Behavioral Pain Scales for Acute Surgical and Traumatic Pain the Disadvantages, PAIN GRADING SCALES these include Behavioural response Scales, BEHAVIOURAL SIGNS such as Expression of abnormal behavioural signs, PAIN PATHWAY has 4 processes Transduction, Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Score the Advantages, ANALGESICS involves 3 APPROACHES, PATHOLOGICAL can be CHRONIC, TYPE OF PAIN includes PHYSIOLOGICAL, OPIOIDS classified into Antagonists, Behavioural response Scales these include GCMP, TYPE OF PAIN includes Adaptive, 3 APPROACHES which are MECHANISM-BASED, PHARMACOLOGICAL such as ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES, SPECIES SPECIFIC for some species Swine