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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Intra-Operative Management, Procedures for Disbudding, Chemical This is caustic soda which destroys the horn bud cells. This is a non-specific caustic agent so if the product gets anywhere else it can cause significant irritation and tissue damage, including blindness. (roll over). by Disbudding, Failure to Induce Anesthesia can be solved by Giving another dose of Lidocaine (roll over) Be sure to stay withing the lethal dose range., Intra-Operative Care requires knowledge of Procedures, Procedures for Dehorning, Considerations also Sanitation Instruments and equipment were disinfected using diluted iodine solution to prevent spread of diseases., Disbudding by Tube/scoop Dehorner These will disbud cattle quickly and efficiently, but cause significantly more pain and distress than disbudding with a hot iron, so their use should be avoided. (roll over), Failure to Induce Anesthesia can be solved by Performing a Ring Block (roll over) This injection should block cutaneous branches of cervical nerves, Dehorning done by use of Barnes Dehorner (roll over) A Barnes dehorner is a hinged, closed set of sharp scoops which is placed over the horn against the base and surrounding skin. Opening the handles forces the cutting edges together, slicing through the skin and under the horn., Considerations made for Intra-Operative Care, Dehorning also by Keystone Dehorner (roll over) A keystone dehorner has two handles that move a blade downward against a plate or another blade, slicing through the base of the horn and surrounding skin., Complications can also be Non-Sugical This includes burns from hot iron & needle-sticks injury,, Considerations for Anesthesia (roll over) Lidocaine 2% Solution was used with 5ml (100mg) injected in to both sites for a total of 10ml (200mg) which is with the lethal dose of 57.5ml (1150mg), Considerations about Time Management (roll over) Anesthetic effect of Lidocaine can last 45-60 mins. This should be enough time to complete the procedure provided there are no complication., Complications such as Hemorrhage (roll over) If animal starts bleeding excessively, use a hemostat to clap/twist the vessel. Catherization with a hot iron can also stop bleeding., Dehorning done by use of Gigli wire (roll over) A long piece of wire is attached to two handles, then moved back and forth rapidly to saw through the horn base plus a ½-inch circle of skin., Complications such as Failure to Induce Anesthesia, Dehorning also by Callicrate Bander The use of castrating bands to remove horns is probably the least stressful and cost effective method available. Most horns come off slick, and stay that way., Hot Iron The aim when disbudding is to burn and destroy the horn-producing tissue around the horn bud. It is not essential to remove the horn bud itself as it will not grow if the horn-producing tissue around it is destroyed. (roll over) by Disbudding, Complications expected during Intra-Operative Care