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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Amber1, Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Why is this important? Untreated Post-Partum Depression is devastating for women and their families. Maternal suicide exceeds hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders as a cause of maternal mortality., Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Infant Health & Endangerment A mother with PPD often experiences difficulties interacting with all of her family, including her infant., Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Infant Health & Endangerment Avoidant attachment, the lack of crying or fussiness when the caregiver leaves the infant, is more likely to occur among infants with PPD mothers, as the child eventually learns how to self-soothe., Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Who is affected? The mothers most eligible for PPD are of ethnic minority status, low educational status, in poverty, receiving inadequate support from her partner, residing in an urban area, are of young maternal age, and are single mothers. Mothers in the low income bracket are 5 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms at 12 months postpartum than women in the high income bracket., Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers PPD Screening Effectiveness & Postpartum Care ????, Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Infant Health & Endangerment It is reported that infants are directly and negatively affected by exposure to mother’s depressive symptoms, Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Why is this important? PPD occurs in 15-20% of women after giving birth or roughly 1 in 7 women., Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Why is this important? Depression in parents pose serious risks to children, especially babies and toddlers, due to dependency- 15 million, or 1 in 5, live with a parent who has experienced major depression within the past 5 years., Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Unique Difficulties ????, Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Why is this important? African-American children’s health is associated with a mother’s education level, receipt of informal childcare, receipt of public insurance, an uninsured status, and the absence of depression. Hispanic children’s health is associated with the mother’s education level, receipt of substance-use treatment, and their non-receipt of public assistance., Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Why is this important? Unfortunately, PPD symptoms are often attributed to normal pregnancy and postpartum changes and go untreated. Anxiety, insomnia, and mood disorders need psychological and psychosocial care. Sometimes pharmacological therapy is required., Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers What is PPD? Postpartum Depression is the onset of depressive, anxious, angry, irritable, distant, or unattached emotions during and after the birth of a child. In some cases this can evolve into Postpartum Psychosis, which can lead mothers to have thoughts of hurting their children, hurting themselves, or engaging in other violent or suicidal behaviors., Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Infant Health & Endangerment 1 in 11 infants in poverty live with a mother who has severe depression; 55% live with a mother with some form of depression., Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Infant Health & Endangerment Surprisingly, both infants with depressed mothers and infants without depressed mothers both receive prenatal care at some point. Both are just as likely to be breastfed, but those with PPD mothers will be breastfed for a shorter time. However, more than half in both categories are not breastfed at all, causing them to miss out on nutritional benefits vital to their growth & development, Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Infant Health & Endangerment In one postpartum depression study, two thirds of the mothers surveyed did not seek treatment for their symptoms, Postparum Depression of Low-Income Mothers Suggestions ????