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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Play (Bateson Article), object play including In adolescence, Humans will use objects and imagine they are something else in order to play "pretend", social play for example kittens play early in their life and initiate through crouching and pouncing on others, long-term benefits including allowing animals to improve their body coordination and muscles, social play for example dogs will bow down to signal readiness of play and they will also wag their tails, Play in birds & mammals may have costs associated, long-term benefits including health benefits, long-term benefits including Development of social skills and allowing younger individuals to associate with older individuals, Play in birds & mammals involve social play, 5 Characteristics including 1. Typically occurs at times where participants are free of stress and illnesses, 5 Characteristics including 5. Play consists of behaviors that do not transform into aggressive behaviors, costs associated including More prone to be seeen by predators, health benefits including higher capacity for dealing with stress, Play in birds & mammals involve object play, Play in birds & mammals exhibit 5 Characteristics, 5 Characteristics including 3. the "player" is protected from the normal consequences and the behavior is not serious, More prone to be seeen by predators For example Southern Fur seals playing in the ocean, Play in birds & mammals allow long-term benefits, object play including Captive dolphins playing with balls or wild dolphins playing with feathers, seaweed, or sponges., 5 Characteristics including 4. involves novelty; social roles may be reversed (dominance), long-term benefits including helping to develope cognitive skills